Sub- And supercritical water liquefaction of kraft lignin and black liquor derived lignin

Jukka Lappalainen; David Baudouin; Ursel Hornung; Julia Schuler; Kristian Melin; Saša Bjelić; Frédéric Vogel; Jukka Konttinen; Tero Joronen

doi:10.3390/en13133309

Sub- And supercritical water liquefaction of kraft lignin and black liquor derived lignin

Jukka Lappalainen^*
, David Baudouin
, Ursel Hornung
, Julia Schuler
, Kristian Melin
, Saša Bjelić
, Frédéric Vogel
, Jukka Konttinen
, Tero Joronen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review Article › peer-review

70 Citations (Scopus)

332 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

Original language	English
Article number	3309
Number of pages	42
Journal	Energies
Volume	13
Issue number	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133309
Publication status	Published - 28 Jul 2020
MoE publication type	A2 Review article in a scientific journal

Funding

This research was partly funded by Fortum foundation. In addition, this research has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 884111. This work was supported by the Swiss Innovation Agency Innosuisse and is part of the Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research SCCER BIOSWEET.

Keywords

Black liquor
Hydrothermal liquefaction
Lignin from black liquor

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.3390/en13133309Licence: CC BY

en13133309Licence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Sub- And supercritical water liquefaction of kraft lignin and black liquor derived lignin",

abstract = "To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.",

keywords = "Black liquor, Hydrothermal liquefaction, Lignin from black liquor",

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T1 - Sub- And supercritical water liquefaction of kraft lignin and black liquor derived lignin

AU - Lappalainen, Jukka

AU - Baudouin, David

AU - Hornung, Ursel

AU - Schuler, Julia

AU - Melin, Kristian

AU - Bjelić, Saša

AU - Vogel, Frédéric

AU - Konttinen, Jukka

AU - Joronen, Tero

PY - 2020/7/28

Y1 - 2020/7/28

N2 - To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

AB - To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

KW - Black liquor

KW - Hydrothermal liquefaction

KW - Lignin from black liquor

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U2 - 10.3390/en13133309

DO - 10.3390/en13133309

M3 - Review Article

AN - SCOPUS:85090035032

SN - 1996-1073

VL - 13

JO - Energies

JF - Energies

IS - 13

M1 - 3309

ER -

Sub- And supercritical water liquefaction of kraft lignin and black liquor derived lignin

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

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BL2F: Black Liquor to Fuel by Efficient HydroThermal Application integrated to Pulp Mill

Cite this

Sub- And supercritical water liquefaction of kraft lignin and black liquor derived lignin

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

BL2F: Black Liquor to Fuel by Efficient HydroThermal Application integrated to Pulp Mill

Cite this