Surface plasmon polariton-enhanced upconversion luminescence for biosensing applications

Duc Le; Marjut Kreivi; Sanna Aikio; Noora Heinilehto; Teemu Sipola; Jarno Petäjä; Tian Long Guo; Matthieu Roussey; Jussi Hiltunen

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2024-0247

Surface plasmon polariton-enhanced upconversion luminescence for biosensing applications

Duc Le^*
, Marjut Kreivi
, Sanna Aikio
, Noora Heinilehto
, Teemu Sipola
, Jarno Petäjä
, Tian Long Guo
, Matthieu Roussey
, Jussi Hiltunen

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Eastern Finland

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

223 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Upconversion luminescence (UCL) has great potential for highly sensitive biosensing due to its unique wavelength shift properties. The main limitation of UCL is its low quantum efficiency, which is typically compensated using low-noise detectors and high-intensity excitation. In this work, we demonstrate surface plasmon polariton (SPP)-enhanced UCL for biosensing applications. SPPs are excited by using a gold grating. The gold grating is optimized to match the SPP resonance with the absorption wavelength of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Functionalized UCNPs conjugated with antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the fabricated gold grating. We achieve an UCL enhancement up to 65 times at low excitation power density. This enhancement results from the increase in the absorption cross section of UCNPs caused by the SPP coupling on the grating surface. Computationally, we investigated a slight quenching effect in the emission process with UCNPs near gold surfaces. The experimental observations were in good agreement with the simulation results. The work enables UCL-based assays with reduced excitation intensity that are needed, for example, in scanning-free imaging.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3995-4006
Journal	Nanophotonics
Volume	13
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0247
Publication status	Published - 27 Aug 2024
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

Research funding: This work was supported by the Research Council of Finland, Printed intelligence infrastructure funding, decision 358621. The work is part of the Research Council of Finland Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation (PREIN), decisions 346545 and 346518.

Keywords

absorption enhancement
biosensing
gold grating
surface plasmon polariton
upconversion luminescence

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10.1515/nanoph-2024-0247Licence: CC BY

nanoph-2024-0247Final published version, 3.96 MBLicence: CC BY

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title = "Surface plasmon polariton-enhanced upconversion luminescence for biosensing applications",

abstract = "Upconversion luminescence (UCL) has great potential for highly sensitive biosensing due to its unique wavelength shift properties. The main limitation of UCL is its low quantum efficiency, which is typically compensated using low-noise detectors and high-intensity excitation. In this work, we demonstrate surface plasmon polariton (SPP)-enhanced UCL for biosensing applications. SPPs are excited by using a gold grating. The gold grating is optimized to match the SPP resonance with the absorption wavelength of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Functionalized UCNPs conjugated with antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the fabricated gold grating. We achieve an UCL enhancement up to 65 times at low excitation power density. This enhancement results from the increase in the absorption cross section of UCNPs caused by the SPP coupling on the grating surface. Computationally, we investigated a slight quenching effect in the emission process with UCNPs near gold surfaces. The experimental observations were in good agreement with the simulation results. The work enables UCL-based assays with reduced excitation intensity that are needed, for example, in scanning-free imaging.",

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T1 - Surface plasmon polariton-enhanced upconversion luminescence for biosensing applications

AU - Le, Duc

AU - Kreivi, Marjut

AU - Aikio, Sanna

AU - Heinilehto, Noora

AU - Sipola, Teemu

AU - Petäjä, Jarno

AU - Guo, Tian Long

AU - Roussey, Matthieu

AU - Hiltunen, Jussi

PY - 2024/8/27

Y1 - 2024/8/27

N2 - Upconversion luminescence (UCL) has great potential for highly sensitive biosensing due to its unique wavelength shift properties. The main limitation of UCL is its low quantum efficiency, which is typically compensated using low-noise detectors and high-intensity excitation. In this work, we demonstrate surface plasmon polariton (SPP)-enhanced UCL for biosensing applications. SPPs are excited by using a gold grating. The gold grating is optimized to match the SPP resonance with the absorption wavelength of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Functionalized UCNPs conjugated with antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the fabricated gold grating. We achieve an UCL enhancement up to 65 times at low excitation power density. This enhancement results from the increase in the absorption cross section of UCNPs caused by the SPP coupling on the grating surface. Computationally, we investigated a slight quenching effect in the emission process with UCNPs near gold surfaces. The experimental observations were in good agreement with the simulation results. The work enables UCL-based assays with reduced excitation intensity that are needed, for example, in scanning-free imaging.

AB - Upconversion luminescence (UCL) has great potential for highly sensitive biosensing due to its unique wavelength shift properties. The main limitation of UCL is its low quantum efficiency, which is typically compensated using low-noise detectors and high-intensity excitation. In this work, we demonstrate surface plasmon polariton (SPP)-enhanced UCL for biosensing applications. SPPs are excited by using a gold grating. The gold grating is optimized to match the SPP resonance with the absorption wavelength of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Functionalized UCNPs conjugated with antibodies are immobilized on the surface of the fabricated gold grating. We achieve an UCL enhancement up to 65 times at low excitation power density. This enhancement results from the increase in the absorption cross section of UCNPs caused by the SPP coupling on the grating surface. Computationally, we investigated a slight quenching effect in the emission process with UCNPs near gold surfaces. The experimental observations were in good agreement with the simulation results. The work enables UCL-based assays with reduced excitation intensity that are needed, for example, in scanning-free imaging.

KW - absorption enhancement

KW - biosensing

KW - gold grating

KW - surface plasmon polariton

KW - upconversion luminescence

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DO - 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0247

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85203411156

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VL - 13

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EP - 4006

JO - Nanophotonics

JF - Nanophotonics

IS - 21

ER -

Surface plasmon polariton-enhanced upconversion luminescence for biosensing applications

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Keywords

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Plasmon field effects on the operation of optical biosensors

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