Technology for MaaS: Deliverable Nr 5

Internet-based and wireless technologies enable the main requirements for the provision of mobility services. Having identified the operational and business-related requirements resulting from the state-of-the-art analysis done within Work Package 3, Deliverable 5 highlights technological aspects including potentials and opportunities to be considered for the deployment of MaaS. Based on expert interviews, together with literature findings, a detailed analysis of required technologies for MaaS was conducted. As the deployment of MaaS strongly relies on the provision of ICT technologies, the main focus within this deliverable was placed on related requirements, although user requirements (e.g. usability aspects and service design) were also discussed. Already employed technologies within MaaS and MaaS-related services were identified. All technology-related findings helped to develop a comprehensive MaaS system architecture, presented in this deliverable. Required technologies along the value chain starting from data generation up to the final end-user service provision are studied in more detail. For instance the provision and integration of different mobility data sources open the way towards high quality MaaS systems. Therefore access to data is a main requirement presented in this document that highlights several state-of-the-art strategies. 'Open' data market places and the harmonized deployment of data standards are enablers for MaaS services, to mention but a few. Going one step further in the value chain, integrated service provision requires a comprehensive analysis of existing technical solutions, approaching the conceptual idea of implementing the one-stop-shop principle. Technical solutions that are already mature and would give a major added value to MaaS service generation are analysed and reviewed in this document. This includes for instance the idea of interlinking different services by their subscriptions, supporting the provision of open application interfaces to developers and/or using common web-service standards simplifying the processes of integrating and combining different proprietary services. Beside the elaboration of the MaaS system architecture and its technical requirements, the use of wireless networks as infrastructural requirements for MaaS allowing the seamless accessibility to mobility services is analysed. Both advantages and disadvantages in terms of availability for MaaS within different regions are discussed. For instance, new telecommunication technologies, like 5G, enabling an even higher quality service experience to users (based on e.g. higher data rates), seem to be promising for the extensive use of MaaS. Since mobile telecommunication provides an enabling key technology allowing individual access to information and digital services, new opportunities for digital transport service provision are highlighted. Both the telecommunication and transport industries show similar characteristics in approaching linking cross-border transport and mobile network services. In this respect, roaming requirements use other 'foreign' transport but also telecom providers, here discussed in the MaaS context. An overview of prevailing technologies relevant for MaaS, dealing with data, service but also wireless network requirements, is presented. Wherever information could be derived from the state-of-the-art analyses, key technologies were assessed and opportunities highlighted. In the final part of deliverable 5, recommendations derived from the resulting technology requirements are presented. Based on the main requirement issues, recommendations can be used as supporting implementation guidance for stakeholders, clustered into the following themes: Open Data-related specifications, Wireless Communication networks, Standardisation/Regulation/Management requirements and Licensing.