TY - BOOK
T1 - The monetary valuation of road traffic's environmental hazards
AU - Himanen, Veli
AU - Mäkelä, Kari
AU - Alppivuori, Kari
AU - Aaltonen, Pekka
AU - Louhelainen, Jorma
PY - 1989
Y1 - 1989
N2 - The quantity of noise, exhaust emissions and dust caused
by road traffic in Finland is estimated along with the
monetary value of their effects. The valuations are
mainly based on the estimated costs of the prevention of
these hazards. In addition, the costs due to losses
caused by traffic noise and exhaust emissions are
estimated. The results contain a substantial degree of
uncertainty.
840,000 people in Finland lived within road traffic noise
zones in 1987. The number of people suffering from the
noise was 208,000. The noise hazard was valuated at 1,200
million FIM in 1987 (1 FIM = 0.25 USD).
In 1987, the exhaust emissions of road traffic contained
110,000 tons of nitric oxides, 310,000 tons of carbon
monoxide, 30,000 tons of hydrocarbons, 6,000 tons of
sulphur dioxide, 10,000 tons of solid particles, and 340
tons of lead. The exhaust emissions can be valuated at
900 - 4,800 million FIM in 1987, depending on the method
of calculation.
Traffic produced 260,000 tons of rock dust in 1987. The
costs of dust prevention would have been 800 million FIM.
The total annual costs of noise, exhaust emissions and
dust caused by road traffic would thus amount to 3 - 7
billion FIM.
AB - The quantity of noise, exhaust emissions and dust caused
by road traffic in Finland is estimated along with the
monetary value of their effects. The valuations are
mainly based on the estimated costs of the prevention of
these hazards. In addition, the costs due to losses
caused by traffic noise and exhaust emissions are
estimated. The results contain a substantial degree of
uncertainty.
840,000 people in Finland lived within road traffic noise
zones in 1987. The number of people suffering from the
noise was 208,000. The noise hazard was valuated at 1,200
million FIM in 1987 (1 FIM = 0.25 USD).
In 1987, the exhaust emissions of road traffic contained
110,000 tons of nitric oxides, 310,000 tons of carbon
monoxide, 30,000 tons of hydrocarbons, 6,000 tons of
sulphur dioxide, 10,000 tons of solid particles, and 340
tons of lead. The exhaust emissions can be valuated at
900 - 4,800 million FIM in 1987, depending on the method
of calculation.
Traffic produced 260,000 tons of rock dust in 1987. The
costs of dust prevention would have been 800 million FIM.
The total annual costs of noise, exhaust emissions and
dust caused by road traffic would thus amount to 3 - 7
billion FIM.
KW - traffic
KW - economic analysis
KW - environmental effects
KW - hazards
KW - pollution
KW - noise
KW - exhaust emissions
KW - dust
KW - road traffic
M3 - Report
SN - 951-38-3350-X
T3 - Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus. Tiedotteita
BT - The monetary valuation of road traffic's environmental hazards
PB - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
CY - Espoo
ER -