The spatial presence experience scale (SPES): A short self-report measure for diverse media settings

Tilo Hartmann; Werner Wirth; Holger Schramm; Christoph Klimmt; Peter Vorderer; André Gysbers; Saskia Böcking; Niklas Ravaja; Jari Laarni; Timo A. Saari; Feliz Ribeiro Gouveia; Ana Maria Sacau

doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000137

The spatial presence experience scale (SPES): A short self-report measure for diverse media settings

Tilo Hartmann (Corresponding Author), Werner Wirth, Holger Schramm, Christoph Klimmt, Peter Vorderer, André Gysbers, Saskia Böcking, Niklas Ravaja, Jari Laarni, Timo A. Saari, Feliz Ribeiro Gouveia, Ana Maria Sacau

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

168 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The study of spatial presence is currently receiving increased attention in both media psychology and communication research. The present paper introduces the Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES), a short eight-item self-report measure. The SPES is derived from a process model of spatial presence (Wirth et al., 2007, Media Psychology, 9, 493-525), and assesses spatial presence as a two-dimensional construct that comprises a user's self-location and perceived possible actions in a media environment. The SPES is shorter than many other available spatial presence scales, and can be conveniently applied to diverse media settings. Two studies are reported (N1 = 290, N2 = 395) that confirm sound psychometric qualities for the SPES.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-15
Journal	Journal of Media Psychology
Volume	28
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000137
Publication status	Published - 2016
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

immersion
measurement
self-report
spatial presence

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10.1027/1864-1105/a000137

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title = "The spatial presence experience scale (SPES): A short self-report measure for diverse media settings",

abstract = "The study of spatial presence is currently receiving increased attention in both media psychology and communication research. The present paper introduces the Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES), a short eight-item self-report measure. The SPES is derived from a process model of spatial presence (Wirth et al., 2007, Media Psychology, 9, 493-525), and assesses spatial presence as a two-dimensional construct that comprises a user's self-location and perceived possible actions in a media environment. The SPES is shorter than many other available spatial presence scales, and can be conveniently applied to diverse media settings. Two studies are reported (N1 = 290, N2 = 395) that confirm sound psychometric qualities for the SPES.",

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AU - Hartmann, Tilo

AU - Wirth, Werner

AU - Schramm, Holger

AU - Klimmt, Christoph

AU - Vorderer, Peter

AU - Gysbers, André

AU - Böcking, Saskia

AU - Ravaja, Niklas

AU - Laarni, Jari

AU - Saari, Timo A.

AU - Gouveia, Feliz Ribeiro

AU - Sacau, Ana Maria

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

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AB - The study of spatial presence is currently receiving increased attention in both media psychology and communication research. The present paper introduces the Spatial Presence Experience Scale (SPES), a short eight-item self-report measure. The SPES is derived from a process model of spatial presence (Wirth et al., 2007, Media Psychology, 9, 493-525), and assesses spatial presence as a two-dimensional construct that comprises a user's self-location and perceived possible actions in a media environment. The SPES is shorter than many other available spatial presence scales, and can be conveniently applied to diverse media settings. Two studies are reported (N1 = 290, N2 = 395) that confirm sound psychometric qualities for the SPES.

KW - immersion

KW - measurement

KW - self-report

KW - spatial presence

U2 - 10.1027/1864-1105/a000137

DO - 10.1027/1864-1105/a000137

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JF - Journal of Media Psychology

IS - 1

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The spatial presence experience scale (SPES): A short self-report measure for diverse media settings

Abstract

Keywords

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