Theoretical and experimental study on phase transitions and mass fluxes of supersaturated water vapor onto different insoluble flat surfaces

The heterogeneous nucleation and condensation of water vapor onto three different surfaces (newsprint paper, Teflon, cellulose film) was studied theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical framework included the use of the classical theory of heterogeneous nucleation, diffusion theory corrected with transition regime correction factors, and the theory of heat transfer. Experiments were carried out using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The experimental results for newsprint paper were investigated more closely. Our results show that the measured onset supersaturations were smaller than the modeled ones when the experimentally determined contact angle was used. Furthermore, the measured condensational growth rates were smaller than the modeled ones, presumably resulting from the approximations that had to be made in the calculations.