Tolerance management in wafer scale glass optics

Glass moulding is a lens replication technology where preformed glass gobs are moulded into lens shape by using glass moulding machines where moulding parameters like temperature and pressure can be controlled. One of the applications where moulded glass lenses can be produced in mass quantities is the wafer level manufacture of optical systems. This means a process where wafers of components, including optics and electronics, are manufactured, assembled, and tested in wafer level before final products are diced into smaller pieces. When compared to wafer level plastic optics, wafer scale glass optics have some advantages like the available index-dispersion range and tolerance for environmental conditions. Shown results are based on the work done in EC FP7 funded Wafer Level Optics-project.