@book{10bbe48b74cb4eda87f57a91972edc88,
title = "Treatment of waste sludges from the pulp and paper industry",
abstract = "A new problem related to the purification of waste waters has arisen in the pulp and paper industry. Treatment and disposal of aqueous waste sludges, in particular biological sludges, are both laborious and ex-pensive. As much as about 50 % of the total cost of waste water treat-ment is estimated to be due to sludge treatment and disposal. About 100 000t/a of excess biological sludge (dry matter) is expected to be produced by the Finnish pulp and paper industry by the end of the 1990s. The aim of this study was to survey factors affecting the dewatering characteristics of waste sludges and to review present different sludge conditioning and treatment alternatives. Various biochemical, chemical and physical characteristics of the sludge determine its behaviour during settling and dewatering. These characteristics are dependent on the quality of the waste water and on the operating parameters of the treatment process. New, more efficient sludge treatment methods are being sought, to make efficient utilization of sludges possible. Several new sludge treatment methods have been examined and some of them already applied in the pulp and paper industry.",
keywords = "sludge, pulping industry, paper industry, waste treatment",
author = "Hilkka Kyll{\"o}nen",
year = "1986",
language = "English",
isbn = "951-38-2737-2",
series = "Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus. Tiedotteita",
publisher = "VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland",
number = "637",
address = "Finland",
}