Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)

Jukka Niskanen; Riitta Mahlberg; Nicolaas van Strien; Sari Rautiainen; Essi Kivilahti; Kari Koivuranta; Adina Anghelescu-Hakala

doi:10.1002/cssc.202301551

Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)

Jukka Niskanen, Riitta Mahlberg, Nicolaas van Strien, Sari Rautiainen, Essi Kivilahti, Kari Koivuranta, Adina Anghelescu-Hakala^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Orange peel and sugar beet pulp contain large quantities of pectin, which can be turned via galactaric acid into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its esters. In this work, we show the polymerisation of these FDCA esters into high-molecular-weight, 70–100 kg/mol, poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF). PEF is an emerging bio-based alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), widely used in for example packaging applications. Closing the loop, we also demonstrated and confirmed that PEF can be hydrolysed by enzymes, which are known to hydrolyse PET, back into FDCA for convenient recycling and recovery of monomers.

Original language	English
Article number	e202301551
Journal	ChemSusChem
Volume	17
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301551
Publication status	Published - 8 May 2024
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This publication is supported by COST Action FUR4Sustain – European network of FUR a based chemicals and materials FOR a Sustainable development, CA18220, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

Keywords

bio-based
enzymatic degradation
furan dicarboxylic acid
poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate)
polycondensation

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10.1002/cssc.202301551Licence: CC BY

cssc.202301551Final published version, 3.69 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)",

abstract = "Orange peel and sugar beet pulp contain large quantities of pectin, which can be turned via galactaric acid into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its esters. In this work, we show the polymerisation of these FDCA esters into high-molecular-weight, 70–100 kg/mol, poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF). PEF is an emerging bio-based alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), widely used in for example packaging applications. Closing the loop, we also demonstrated and confirmed that PEF can be hydrolysed by enzymes, which are known to hydrolyse PET, back into FDCA for convenient recycling and recovery of monomers.",

keywords = "bio-based, enzymatic degradation, furan dicarboxylic acid, poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate), polycondensation",

author = "Jukka Niskanen and Riitta Mahlberg and {van Strien}, Nicolaas and Sari Rautiainen and Essi Kivilahti and Kari Koivuranta and Adina Anghelescu-Hakala",

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AU - Niskanen, Jukka

AU - Mahlberg, Riitta

AU - van Strien, Nicolaas

AU - Rautiainen, Sari

AU - Kivilahti, Essi

AU - Koivuranta, Kari

AU - Anghelescu-Hakala, Adina

PY - 2024/5/8

Y1 - 2024/5/8

N2 - Orange peel and sugar beet pulp contain large quantities of pectin, which can be turned via galactaric acid into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its esters. In this work, we show the polymerisation of these FDCA esters into high-molecular-weight, 70–100 kg/mol, poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF). PEF is an emerging bio-based alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), widely used in for example packaging applications. Closing the loop, we also demonstrated and confirmed that PEF can be hydrolysed by enzymes, which are known to hydrolyse PET, back into FDCA for convenient recycling and recovery of monomers.

AB - Orange peel and sugar beet pulp contain large quantities of pectin, which can be turned via galactaric acid into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its esters. In this work, we show the polymerisation of these FDCA esters into high-molecular-weight, 70–100 kg/mol, poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF). PEF is an emerging bio-based alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), widely used in for example packaging applications. Closing the loop, we also demonstrated and confirmed that PEF can be hydrolysed by enzymes, which are known to hydrolyse PET, back into FDCA for convenient recycling and recovery of monomers.

KW - bio-based

KW - enzymatic degradation

KW - furan dicarboxylic acid

KW - poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate)

KW - polycondensation

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Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)

Abstract

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Keywords

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