UPLC-ELSD Analysis of Algal Lipid Classes and Derivatization of Bound and Free Fatty Acids and Sterols for GC-MS Methods

Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso; Heli Nygren; Heiko Rischer

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5031-8_8

UPLC-ELSD Analysis of Algal Lipid Classes and Derivatization of Bound and Free Fatty Acids and Sterols for GC-MS Methods

Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso
, Heli Nygren
, Heiko Rischer^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter or book article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

Constituents of microalgae and sample preparation for UPLC-ELSD and GC-MS analyses are described. Bound fatty acids from acylglycerols, alkylacylglycerols, galactosyldiacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and sterol esters are derivatized by using transesterification with sodium methoxide to form fatty acid methyl esters. Compounds containing free hydroxyl groups, either present originally or formed during previous step, like free fatty acids, sterols, α-tocopherol, phytol, and nonesterified alkoxyglycerols, are trimethylsilylated. The compounds in algal lipid extract are subsequently derivatized by these two steps.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Biofuels from Algae
Subtitle of host publication	Methods and Protocols
Editors	Kristian Spilling
Publisher	Springer Nature
Pages	79-88
ISBN (Electronic)	978-1-0716-5031-8
ISBN (Print)	978-1-0716-5030-1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-5031-8_8
Publication status	Published - 2026
MoE publication type	A3 Part of a book or another research book

Publication series

Series	Methods in Molecular Biology
Volume	2996
ISSN	1064-3745

Keywords

Evaporative light-scattering detection
Fatty acids
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Lipid classes
Transesterification
Trimethylsilylation
Ultra performance liquid chromatography

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10.1007/978-1-0716-5031-8_8

Cite this

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title = "UPLC-ELSD Analysis of Algal Lipid Classes and Derivatization of Bound and Free Fatty Acids and Sterols for GC-MS Methods",

abstract = "Constituents of microalgae and sample preparation for UPLC-ELSD and GC-MS analyses are described. Bound fatty acids from acylglycerols, alkylacylglycerols, galactosyldiacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and sterol esters are derivatized by using transesterification with sodium methoxide to form fatty acid methyl esters. Compounds containing free hydroxyl groups, either present originally or formed during previous step, like free fatty acids, sterols, α-tocopherol, phytol, and nonesterified alkoxyglycerols, are trimethylsilylated. The compounds in algal lipid extract are subsequently derivatized by these two steps.",

keywords = "Evaporative light-scattering detection, Fatty acids, Gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Lipid classes, Transesterification, Trimethylsilylation, Ultra performance liquid chromatography",

author = "Tuulikki Sepp{\"a}nen-Laakso and Heli Nygren and Heiko Rischer",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",

year = "2026",

doi = "10.1007/978-1-0716-5031-8\_8",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-1-0716-5030-1",

series = "Methods in Molecular Biology",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

pages = "79--88",

editor = "Kristian Spilling",

booktitle = "Biofuels from Algae",

address = "United Kingdom",

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UPLC-ELSD Analysis of Algal Lipid Classes and Derivatization of Bound and Free Fatty Acids and Sterols for GC-MS Methods. / Seppänen-Laakso, Tuulikki; Nygren, Heli ; Rischer, Heiko.
Biofuels from Algae: Methods and Protocols. ed. / Kristian Spilling. Springer Nature, 2026. p. 79-88 (Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 2996).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter or book article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - CHAP

T1 - UPLC-ELSD Analysis of Algal Lipid Classes and Derivatization of Bound and Free Fatty Acids and Sterols for GC-MS Methods

AU - Seppänen-Laakso, Tuulikki

AU - Nygren, Heli

AU - Rischer, Heiko

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Constituents of microalgae and sample preparation for UPLC-ELSD and GC-MS analyses are described. Bound fatty acids from acylglycerols, alkylacylglycerols, galactosyldiacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and sterol esters are derivatized by using transesterification with sodium methoxide to form fatty acid methyl esters. Compounds containing free hydroxyl groups, either present originally or formed during previous step, like free fatty acids, sterols, α-tocopherol, phytol, and nonesterified alkoxyglycerols, are trimethylsilylated. The compounds in algal lipid extract are subsequently derivatized by these two steps.

AB - Constituents of microalgae and sample preparation for UPLC-ELSD and GC-MS analyses are described. Bound fatty acids from acylglycerols, alkylacylglycerols, galactosyldiacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and sterol esters are derivatized by using transesterification with sodium methoxide to form fatty acid methyl esters. Compounds containing free hydroxyl groups, either present originally or formed during previous step, like free fatty acids, sterols, α-tocopherol, phytol, and nonesterified alkoxyglycerols, are trimethylsilylated. The compounds in algal lipid extract are subsequently derivatized by these two steps.

KW - Evaporative light-scattering detection

KW - Fatty acids

KW - Gas chromatography mass spectrometry

KW - Lipid classes

KW - Transesterification

KW - Trimethylsilylation

KW - Ultra performance liquid chromatography

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105037705597

U2 - 10.1007/978-1-0716-5031-8_8

DO - 10.1007/978-1-0716-5031-8_8

M3 - Chapter or book article

C2 - 42062716

AN - SCOPUS:105037705597

SN - 978-1-0716-5030-1

T3 - Methods in Molecular Biology

SP - 79

EP - 88

BT - Biofuels from Algae

A2 - Spilling, Kristian

PB - Springer Nature

ER -

UPLC-ELSD Analysis of Algal Lipid Classes and Derivatization of Bound and Free Fatty Acids and Sterols for GC-MS Methods

Abstract

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Keywords

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