TY - JOUR
T1 - Vibrating boron-doped diamond electrode
T2 - A new, durable and highly sensitive tool for the detection of cadmium
AU - Morris, Adam
AU - Serrano, Núria
AU - Díaz-Cruz, José Manuel
AU - Bendavid, Avi
AU - Chen, Miao
AU - Vepsäläinen, Mikko
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (Project PID2019-107102RB-C22 ), the Generalitat of Catalunya (Project 2017SGR311 ) and CSIRO 's Research Office (Julius Career Award). The authors would like to thank Dr. Fabio Isa for his contribution to Raman analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
PY - 2021/12/22
Y1 - 2021/12/22
N2 - In this paper, a vibrating boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode electroanalytical device and respective method for the analysis of ultralow concentrations of Cd(II) in water were studied. The enhanced mass transfer on the electrode surface was studied using Ru(NH3)6Cl3. Vibration with 133 Hz frequency enhanced the Ru(III) to Ru(II) reduction by 92.6% compared to a static electrode. The peak current of the anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) method employed was increased by a factor of 5.3 and 4.7 for 10 and 30 μg L−1 Cd(II) concentrations, respectively, when a frequency of 200 Hz was used. A calibration plot with two linear regions was resolved between 0.01 and 1 μg L−1 and 1–30 μg L−1 with the LOD and LOQ of 0.04 μg L−1 and 0.12 μg L−1, respectively. The applicability of the device and the respective method in the analysis of real environmental samples was successfully verified by analysis of river samples and comparing the results with the ICP analysis presenting high reproducibility and trueness. According to the results of this research, the vibrating BDD electrode with the ASV method has excellent analytical performance without surface modification or regular replacement or polishing of the electrode surface. Combining the exceptional electrochemical and chemical properties of BDD with enhanced mass transfer and signal strength of vibrating electrodes makes the system especially suitable for on-site and online analysis of heavy metals.
AB - In this paper, a vibrating boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode electroanalytical device and respective method for the analysis of ultralow concentrations of Cd(II) in water were studied. The enhanced mass transfer on the electrode surface was studied using Ru(NH3)6Cl3. Vibration with 133 Hz frequency enhanced the Ru(III) to Ru(II) reduction by 92.6% compared to a static electrode. The peak current of the anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) method employed was increased by a factor of 5.3 and 4.7 for 10 and 30 μg L−1 Cd(II) concentrations, respectively, when a frequency of 200 Hz was used. A calibration plot with two linear regions was resolved between 0.01 and 1 μg L−1 and 1–30 μg L−1 with the LOD and LOQ of 0.04 μg L−1 and 0.12 μg L−1, respectively. The applicability of the device and the respective method in the analysis of real environmental samples was successfully verified by analysis of river samples and comparing the results with the ICP analysis presenting high reproducibility and trueness. According to the results of this research, the vibrating BDD electrode with the ASV method has excellent analytical performance without surface modification or regular replacement or polishing of the electrode surface. Combining the exceptional electrochemical and chemical properties of BDD with enhanced mass transfer and signal strength of vibrating electrodes makes the system especially suitable for on-site and online analysis of heavy metals.
KW - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV)
KW - Cadmium
KW - Ultra-trace analysis
KW - Vibrating boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode
KW - Voltammetric sensor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118609294&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339166
DO - 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339166
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85118609294
SN - 0003-2670
VL - 1188
JO - Analytica Chimica Acta
JF - Analytica Chimica Acta
M1 - 339166
ER -