Wafer-scale graphene Josephson field-effect transistors and device models for superconducting integrated circuits

The superconducting transistor, or Josephson Field Effect Transistor (JoFET), is a versatile building block for ultra-low-power and high-energy-efficiency classical and quantum electronics. In a JoFET, the superconducting (zero-resistance) current is controlled by electrostatic gate voltage, which enables the scalability of solid-state quantum computers and the creation of next-generation superconducting integrated circuits (ICs). The development of JoFETs has so far been limited to single devices or a few-transistor circuits due to the lack of reproducible technological platform. Here, we report on technological progress of wafer-scale JoFET fabrication, achieving a 98% yield on a 150 mm wafer platform. Now that the large-scale and reproducible fabrication JoFETs has become feasible, we present behavioral and physics models as the required steps toward the design of novel JoFET-based ICs. Using the presented models, we obtain a good description of experimental data, thus paving the way for the design of next-generation superconducting ICs.