TY - BOOK
T1 - Waste waters from biomass-based synthesis gas production
AU - Fagernäs, Leena
PY - 1991
Y1 - 1991
N2 - Processes developed for biomass synthesis gas production
during the 1980s are U-GAS, PEATGAS,
High-Temperature-
Winkler, MlNO, Omnifuel and CreusotLoire.
Waste waters from the processes with wood, peat and
wastes as raw materials have been studied in laboratory
and pilot units and at demonstration plants. There is so
far only one commercial biomass sygnas plant in operation
in the world: the peat ammonia plant of Kemira Oy in
Finland.
In synthesis gas production, waste waters are formed in
biomass drying, and in gas scrubbing and conversion.
Major waste water impurities are solids, ammonia,
cyanide, phenolics, benzene and polyaromatic compounds.
Their concentrations are highly dependent on the
gasification process used and on process conditions, such
as pressure and temperature, gas treatment, amount of
scrubbing water, and waste water recirculation. The waste
waters from biomass gasification processes resemble those
from coal gasification and coking and contain mainly the
same impurity components, but in different ratios.
The process waste waters require treatment before leading
into water-courses or to a municipal purification plant,
or before recirculation. The treatment is completely
dependent on the concentration, amount and use of the
waste water. Requirements set by the authorities and the
maximum levels allowable in waste waters also vary in
different regions and countries. Methods suited for the
treatment of waste waters could be, on the basis of
purification methods applied for coal-based waste waters,
solids removal e.g. by centrifugation or filtration,
ammonia removal by steam stripping and phenol removal by
extraction, and, after pretreatment, treatment at a
biological purification plant. When needed, activated
carbon filtration, ion exchange or ozonation can be
applied after the biological treatment. However, research
activities are required to test and find methods suitable
for the waste waters from biomass-based synthesis gas
production.
AB - Processes developed for biomass synthesis gas production
during the 1980s are U-GAS, PEATGAS,
High-Temperature-
Winkler, MlNO, Omnifuel and CreusotLoire.
Waste waters from the processes with wood, peat and
wastes as raw materials have been studied in laboratory
and pilot units and at demonstration plants. There is so
far only one commercial biomass sygnas plant in operation
in the world: the peat ammonia plant of Kemira Oy in
Finland.
In synthesis gas production, waste waters are formed in
biomass drying, and in gas scrubbing and conversion.
Major waste water impurities are solids, ammonia,
cyanide, phenolics, benzene and polyaromatic compounds.
Their concentrations are highly dependent on the
gasification process used and on process conditions, such
as pressure and temperature, gas treatment, amount of
scrubbing water, and waste water recirculation. The waste
waters from biomass gasification processes resemble those
from coal gasification and coking and contain mainly the
same impurity components, but in different ratios.
The process waste waters require treatment before leading
into water-courses or to a municipal purification plant,
or before recirculation. The treatment is completely
dependent on the concentration, amount and use of the
waste water. Requirements set by the authorities and the
maximum levels allowable in waste waters also vary in
different regions and countries. Methods suited for the
treatment of waste waters could be, on the basis of
purification methods applied for coal-based waste waters,
solids removal e.g. by centrifugation or filtration,
ammonia removal by steam stripping and phenol removal by
extraction, and, after pretreatment, treatment at a
biological purification plant. When needed, activated
carbon filtration, ion exchange or ozonation can be
applied after the biological treatment. However, research
activities are required to test and find methods suitable
for the waste waters from biomass-based synthesis gas
production.
KW - biomass
KW - gasification
KW - synthesis gas
KW - waste water
KW - properties
M3 - Report
SN - 951-38-3898-6
T3 - Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus. Tiedotteita
BT - Waste waters from biomass-based synthesis gas production
PB - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
CY - Espoo
ER -
