@inbook{6335e50c2d8a43d6982038239b8faf10,
title = "Water Chemistry and Oxidation in the Primary Circuit (WATCHEM): WATCHEM summary report",
abstract = "Boron (10B) in the form of boric acid (H3BO3) is commonly used as a neutron poison in PWRs and WWERs. To minimise corrosion of primary circuit structural materials the acidicity of boric acid is compensated by adding lithium hydroxide (LiOH) in PWRs or potassium hydorxide (KOH) in VVERs. Fuel vendors and authorities have set upper limits to Li+ and K+ levels (as well as to some impurities), as both alkali are suspected to increase the oxidation rate of fuel cladding materials. Longer fuel cycles and higher burn-up of fuel require higher 10B concentration and thus higher Li+ or K+ levels in the beginning of cycle. There is a need for better understanding of the oxidation process and the mechanism by which the alkali and impurities affect the rate of the process.",
author = "Petri Kinnunen and Timo Saario",
year = "2011",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-951-38-7689-0",
series = "VTT Tiedotteita - Research Notes",
publisher = "VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland",
number = "2571",
pages = "381--391",
booktitle = "SAFIR2010: The Finnish Research Programme on Nuclear Power Plant Safety 2007-2010",
address = "Finland",
}