Abstract
The chapter focuses on the measurement of spatial
presence. Our aim is review existing measures of spatial
presence and provide evaluative classifications of the
quality and appropriateness of these measurement methods.
In addition to existing methods, we also shortly discuss
the appropriateness of measures that have not been
extensively used so far, such as "think aloud"-method,
dual-task measures, eye-related measures and
psychophysiological measures. We discuss the pros and
cons of the different measures of spatial presence by
using a range of indicators that are typically used to
evaluate empirical methods. Both subjective and objective
measures are evaluated in detail according to seven
criteria, reliability, validity, sensitivity,
applicability, diagnosticity, obtrusiveness and
implementation requirements. A special emphasis is put on
assessing whether a particular measurement method
measures what it is aimed to measure (validity); to what
degree it is able to discriminate different levels of
effects (sensitivity); to what degree it provides
information of the causes of differences (diagnosticity);
and what its possible application domains are
(applicability). Our central conclusion is that we need
both objective and subjective indicators of spatial
presence, and they should be combined in a single study
in a way that makes sense for the specific research
question. We also need more comprehensive and
better-validated questionnaires that are theoretically
derived and tap the multidimensional nature of the
phenomenon. Also, objective indicators of spatial
presence should be selected on the basis of the specific
dimensions of presence being assessed.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Title of host publication | Immersed in Media |
Subtitle of host publication | Telepresence Theory, Measurement & Technology |
Editors | Matthew Lombard, Frank Biocca, Jonathan Freeman, Wijnand IJsselsteijn, Rachel J. Schaevitz |
Publisher | Springer |
Pages | 139-185 |
Volume | 2 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 978-3-319-10190-3 |
ISBN (Print) | 978-3-319-10189-7 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2015 |
MoE publication type | D2 Article in professional manuals or guides or professional information systems or text book material |
Keywords
- applicability
- diagnosticity
- implementation requirements
- methods
- obtrusiveness
- reliability
- sensitivity
- special presence
- validity