Whisker carbon formation in catalytic steam reforming of biomass gasification gas

Johanna Kihlman; Noora Kaisalo; Mari-Leena Koskinen-Soivi; Pekka Simell; Marita Niemelä; Juha Lehtonen

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2018.07.011

Whisker carbon formation in catalytic steam reforming of biomass gasification gas

Johanna Kihlman^*
, Noora Kaisalo
, Mari-Leena Koskinen-Soivi
, Pekka Simell
, Marita Niemelä
, Juha Lehtonen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aalto University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Whisker carbon formation in the steam reforming of biomass gasification gas was studied in a laboratory scale reactor using two commercial nickel catalysts, precious metal catalyst and inert materials. The synthetic feed gas contained ethylene, tar model compounds and H₂S as impurities. Whisker carbon was formed below the reaction temperature of 700 °C on an calcium-doped nickel catalyst and below 850 °C on an undoped nickel catalyst when the feed gas contained no sulfur. With the addition of more than 50 ppmv of H₂S in the feed gas, the whisker carbon formation was inhibited. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to estimate the upper limit temperature for the whisker carbon formation but the calculations did not correlate well with the experimental results. One of the probable explanations for this was the high concentration of unsaturated C₂₊ hydrocarbons in the feed gas.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	133-141
Journal	Applied Catalysis A: General
Volume	564
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.07.011
Publication status	Published - 25 Aug 2018
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes), Outotec Oyj, Helsingin Energia, Metso Power Oy, Huoltovarmuuskeskus, Gasum Oy, Neste Oil Oyj, Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland are acknowledged for the financial support through VETAANI project (Grant Agreement No. 238/31/11).

Keywords

Biomass gasification
Nickel catalyst
Steam reforming
Sulfur
Tar
Whisker carbon

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.apcata.2018.07.011

Cite this

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title = "Whisker carbon formation in catalytic steam reforming of biomass gasification gas",

abstract = "Whisker carbon formation in the steam reforming of biomass gasification gas was studied in a laboratory scale reactor using two commercial nickel catalysts, precious metal catalyst and inert materials. The synthetic feed gas contained ethylene, tar model compounds and H2S as impurities. Whisker carbon was formed below the reaction temperature of 700 °C on an calcium-doped nickel catalyst and below 850 °C on an undoped nickel catalyst when the feed gas contained no sulfur. With the addition of more than 50 ppmv of H2S in the feed gas, the whisker carbon formation was inhibited. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to estimate the upper limit temperature for the whisker carbon formation but the calculations did not correlate well with the experimental results. One of the probable explanations for this was the high concentration of unsaturated C2+ hydrocarbons in the feed gas.",

keywords = "Biomass gasification, Nickel catalyst, Steam reforming, Sulfur, Tar, Whisker carbon",

author = "Johanna Kihlman and Noora Kaisalo and Mari-Leena Koskinen-Soivi and Pekka Simell and Marita Niemel{\"a} and Juha Lehtonen",

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journal = "Applied Catalysis A: General",

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T1 - Whisker carbon formation in catalytic steam reforming of biomass gasification gas

AU - Kihlman, Johanna

AU - Kaisalo, Noora

AU - Koskinen-Soivi, Mari-Leena

AU - Simell, Pekka

AU - Niemelä, Marita

AU - Lehtonen, Juha

PY - 2018/8/25

Y1 - 2018/8/25

N2 - Whisker carbon formation in the steam reforming of biomass gasification gas was studied in a laboratory scale reactor using two commercial nickel catalysts, precious metal catalyst and inert materials. The synthetic feed gas contained ethylene, tar model compounds and H2S as impurities. Whisker carbon was formed below the reaction temperature of 700 °C on an calcium-doped nickel catalyst and below 850 °C on an undoped nickel catalyst when the feed gas contained no sulfur. With the addition of more than 50 ppmv of H2S in the feed gas, the whisker carbon formation was inhibited. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to estimate the upper limit temperature for the whisker carbon formation but the calculations did not correlate well with the experimental results. One of the probable explanations for this was the high concentration of unsaturated C2+ hydrocarbons in the feed gas.

AB - Whisker carbon formation in the steam reforming of biomass gasification gas was studied in a laboratory scale reactor using two commercial nickel catalysts, precious metal catalyst and inert materials. The synthetic feed gas contained ethylene, tar model compounds and H2S as impurities. Whisker carbon was formed below the reaction temperature of 700 °C on an calcium-doped nickel catalyst and below 850 °C on an undoped nickel catalyst when the feed gas contained no sulfur. With the addition of more than 50 ppmv of H2S in the feed gas, the whisker carbon formation was inhibited. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to estimate the upper limit temperature for the whisker carbon formation but the calculations did not correlate well with the experimental results. One of the probable explanations for this was the high concentration of unsaturated C2+ hydrocarbons in the feed gas.

KW - Biomass gasification

KW - Nickel catalyst

KW - Steam reforming

KW - Sulfur

KW - Tar

KW - Whisker carbon

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85050290578

U2 - 10.1016/j.apcata.2018.07.011

DO - 10.1016/j.apcata.2018.07.011

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85050290578

SN - 0926-860X

VL - 564

SP - 133

EP - 141

JO - Applied Catalysis A: General

JF - Applied Catalysis A: General

ER -

Whisker carbon formation in catalytic steam reforming of biomass gasification gas

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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