TY - JOUR
T1 - Whole grain rye intake, reflected by a biomarker, is associated with favorable blood lipid outcomes in subjects with the metabolic syndrome
T2 - A randomized study
AU - Magnusdottir, Ola Kally
AU - Landberg, Rikard
AU - Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg
AU - Cloetens, Liselotte
AU - Åkesson, Björn
AU - Rosqvist, Fredrik
AU - Schwab, Ursula
AU - Herzig, Karl-Heinz
AU - Hukkanen, Janne
AU - Savolainen, Markku J.
AU - Brader, Lea
AU - Hermansen, Kjeld
AU - Kolehmainen, Marjukka
AU - Poutanen, Kaisa
AU - Uusitupa, Matti
AU - Risérus, Ulf
AU - Thorsdottir, Inga
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Background and Aim: Few studies have explored the
possible plasma cholesterol lowering effects of rye
consumption. The aim of this secondary analysis in the
SYSDIET study was to investigate the association between
plasma alkylresorcinols (AR), a biomarker for whole grain
wheat and rye intake, and blood lipid concentrations in a
population with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we
analyzed the associations between the AR C17:0/C21:0
ratio, a suggested marker of the relative intake of whole
grain/bran rye, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods:
Participants were 30-65 years of age, with body mass
index (BMI) 27-40 kg/m2 and had metabolic syndrome.
Individuals were recruited through six centers in the
Nordic countries and randomized either to a healthy
Nordic diet (ND, n = 93), rich in whole grain rye and
wheat, as well as berries, fruits and vegetables,
rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy
products, or a control diet (n=65) for 18/24 weeks.
Associations between total plasma AR concentration and
C17:0/C21:0 homologue ratio and blood lipids were
investigated in pooled (ND + control group) regression
analyses at 18/24 weeks adjusted for baseline value for
the dependent variable, age, BMI and statin use. Results:
When adjusted for confounders, total plasma AR at 18/24
weeks was not significantly associated with blood lipids
but the AR ratio C17:0/C21:0 was inversely associated
with LDL cholesterol concentrations (B (95% CI): 20.41
(20.80 to 20.02)), log LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (20.20
(20.37 to 20.03)), log non-HDL cholesterol (20.20 (20.37
to 20.03)), log apolipoprotein B (20.12 (20.24 to 0.00))
and log triglyceride concentrations (20.35 (20.59 to
20.12)). Discussion: Increased proportion of whole grain
rye, reflected by a biomarker, in the diet is associated
with favorable blood lipid outcomes, a relationship that
should be further investigated.
AB - Background and Aim: Few studies have explored the
possible plasma cholesterol lowering effects of rye
consumption. The aim of this secondary analysis in the
SYSDIET study was to investigate the association between
plasma alkylresorcinols (AR), a biomarker for whole grain
wheat and rye intake, and blood lipid concentrations in a
population with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we
analyzed the associations between the AR C17:0/C21:0
ratio, a suggested marker of the relative intake of whole
grain/bran rye, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods:
Participants were 30-65 years of age, with body mass
index (BMI) 27-40 kg/m2 and had metabolic syndrome.
Individuals were recruited through six centers in the
Nordic countries and randomized either to a healthy
Nordic diet (ND, n = 93), rich in whole grain rye and
wheat, as well as berries, fruits and vegetables,
rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy
products, or a control diet (n=65) for 18/24 weeks.
Associations between total plasma AR concentration and
C17:0/C21:0 homologue ratio and blood lipids were
investigated in pooled (ND + control group) regression
analyses at 18/24 weeks adjusted for baseline value for
the dependent variable, age, BMI and statin use. Results:
When adjusted for confounders, total plasma AR at 18/24
weeks was not significantly associated with blood lipids
but the AR ratio C17:0/C21:0 was inversely associated
with LDL cholesterol concentrations (B (95% CI): 20.41
(20.80 to 20.02)), log LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (20.20
(20.37 to 20.03)), log non-HDL cholesterol (20.20 (20.37
to 20.03)), log apolipoprotein B (20.12 (20.24 to 0.00))
and log triglyceride concentrations (20.35 (20.59 to
20.12)). Discussion: Increased proportion of whole grain
rye, reflected by a biomarker, in the diet is associated
with favorable blood lipid outcomes, a relationship that
should be further investigated.
KW - biomarkers
KW - blood plasma
KW - cholesterol
KW - diet
KW - diabetes
KW - rye
KW - wheat
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0110827
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0110827
M3 - Article
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 9
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 10
M1 - e110827
ER -
